Research Progress on Extraction and Characterization of Humus
Dear Colleagues, I am pleased to invite you to publish your new humus data in a Special Issue "Research Progress on Extraction and Characterization of Humus" - Separations (MDPI).
Humus is a stable natural product of the joint evolution of living and nonliving matter. It is formed as a result of repeated transformation of plant and animal remains in the presence of minerals under the influence of biological, climatic, and geological factors for a long time. Humus is not just a specific product of biological waste disposal, but also an important soil component. In particular, it acts as a stabilizer of the physical and chemical state of soils. Moreover, it acts as a source and regulator of the supply of nutrients to plants and soil organisms while also serving as their habitat.
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Mono- and binuclear chloridecomplexes of bismuth (III) with 2-aminopyrimidine cations depending on specific synthetic route. Trofimova T., Orlova M., Tafeenko V., Proshin A., Glazkova I., Pankratov D. //Mendeleev Communications. 2020. V.30. №2. P.202-204.
Complexes of BiIII with 2-aminopyrimidine cations with metal-to-ligand ratios of 1:3 or 2:4 (depending on reaction conditions) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The possibility of conversion of the latter complex into the former one was demonstrated. The determined cytotoxicity depended on the structure of these complexes.
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Nature-inspired synthesis of magnetic non-stoichiometric Fe3O4 nanoparticles by oxidative in situ method in a humic medium. Pankratov D.A., Anuchina M.M. //Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2019. V.231. P.216-224.
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in humic substances shell - Fe3-δO4@HS were synthesized by oxidative in situ method in aqueous solutions of humic substances from metallic iron precursor. Humic substances interacting with metallic iron under natural conditions act as a complex reagent that participates in acid-base, redox, complexation reactions and adsorption processes. The Fe3-δO4@HS particles is the final product of corrosion of metallic iron in the presence of HS. Products were characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetometry, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and evolved gas analysis. It was demonstrated that the samples contained particles with sizes of 40–50 nm comprised of ∼24 nm magnetite-like crystalline cores coated by humic substances. The synthetic approach used in this article can be used as a model of corrosion processes of ferrous metals in nature. In addition, magnetite-like nanoparticulates stabilized with humic substances can be promising as bioavailable iron additives for agricultural applications.
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Foliar Application of Humic-Stabilized Nanoferrihydrite Resulted in an Increase in the Content of Iron in Wheat Leaves. Zimbovskaya M.M., Polyakov A.Y., Volkov D.S., Kulikova N.A., Lebedev V.A., Pankratov D.A., Konstantinov A.I., Parfenova A.M., Zhilkibaev O.T., Perminova I.V. //Agronomy. 2020. V.10. №12. P.1891.
The objective of this study was to synthesize iron (hydr)oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) stabilized by humic substances, and to estimate the feasibility of their use for foliar application on iron deficient plants. The IONPs were synthesized by rapid hydrolysis of iron(III) nitrate in a solution of potassium humate. The iron speciation and nanoparticle morphologies were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The obtained sample of IONPs was applied at concentrations of 1- and 10-mM Fe, and 0.2% urea was used as an adjuvant. Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. L15) were used for the iron uptake test. For both of the concentrations tested, spraying the nanoparticles resulted in a 70–75% higher iron content in wheat leaves compared to ferric ammonium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Fe-EDTA). The synergistic effect of humic substances acting as a surfactant seemed to promote an increase in the iron uptake of the ferrihydrite nanoparticles compared to the aqueous Fe-EDTA solution used in this study. We concluded that humic-stabilized IONPs are much better suited to foliar application as compared to soil amendment when applied as a source of iron for plants. This is because humic substances act as a capping agent for nanoparticles and the surfactants enhance iron penetration into the leaf.
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